Step
0 / 10
Net ATP
0
NADH
0
Pyruvate
0
Glycolysis: net yield and the three regulated steps
Per molecule of glucose, glycolysis invests 2 ATP in the early "investment phase" (hexokinase and PFK-1), then the "payoff phase" runs twice — once for each three-carbon sugar — producing 4 ATP and 2 NADH. Net: 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate. The three irreversible, regulated steps are hexokinase (step 1), phosphofructokinase-1 (step 3, the committed step and main control point), and pyruvate kinase (step 10).
Model note: standard textbook glycolysis (Lehninger). NADH yield is shown per glucose (the GAPDH step runs twice). Some courses track GTP vs. ATP separately in later metabolism — here all substrate-level phosphorylations are counted as ATP.
Related tools: Enzyme kinetics simulator · Buffer calculator.