How to dilute a solution step by step

Every dilution obeys C₁V₁ = C₂V₂, because the amount of solute stays the same — you are only adding solvent. C₁ and V₁ are the concentration and volume of the concentrated stock you start with; C₂ and V₂ are the concentration and volume you want to end up with. Rearrange for whatever you are missing (for example, V₁ = C₂V₂ / C₁), measure that much stock, then add solvent until the total volume reaches V₂. The amount of solvent to add is simply V₂ − V₁.

Units just need to match on both sides — use the same concentration unit for C₁ and C₂, and the same volume unit for V₁ and V₂.

Related tools: Buffer calculator · all biochem tools.